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Python: Operations with files and folders

How to create an empty file?​

with open("example.txt", "w"):
    pass

How to overwrite a text file?​

with open("example.txt", "w") as file:
    file.write("Data")

How to append data to the end of a text file?​

with open("example.txt", "a") as file:
    file.write("\nNew line of data")

How to check if a file exists?​

import os

if os.path.exists("example.txt"):
    print("The file exists")
else:
    print("The file does not exist")

How to read a text file?​

with open("example.txt", "r") as file:
    content = file.read()
    print(content)

How to read a large text file line by line?​

with open("example.txt", "r", encoding="UTF-8") as file:
    while line := file.readline(): # for line in file:
        print(line.rstrip())

How to copy a file?​

import shutil

shutil.copy('source.txt', 'destination.txt')

How to move a file?​

import shutil

shutil.move('source.txt', 'destination.txt')

How to delete a file?​

import os

os.remove("example.txt")

How to create a new folder?​

import os

os.mkdir("new_folder")

# recursive
os.makedirs("parent/child/child_2", exist_ok=True)

How to get a list of files in a folder?​

import os

files = os.listdir("folder_path")

print(files)
Recursive
import os

all_files = []

for root, dirs, files in os.walk("folder_path"):
    for file in files:
        all_files.append(os.path.join(root, file))

print(all_files)

How to delete a folder?​

import os

os.rmdir("folder_path")
Recursive
import shutil

shutil.rmtree("folder_path")

How to find files?​

import glob

text_files = glob.glob("*.txt")

print(text_files)

How to merge text files into one?​

import glob

read_files = glob.glob("./**/*.md", recursive=True)

with open(".output/result.md", "wb") as output:
    for file in files:
        with open(file, "rb") as reader:
            output.write(reader.read())

How to get current directory?​

import os

print(f"Current work directory: {os.getcwd()}")
print(f"Current file directory: {os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))}")

How to combine path components?​

import os

print(os.path.join("/home/user", "example.txt"))

How to get absolute path from relative?​

import os

print(os.path.abspath("../example.txt"))